Zurikela's Graph


Problem Statement :


Zurikela is creating a graph with a special graph maker. At the begining, it is empty and has no nodes or edges. He can perform 3 types of operations:

1. A x : Create a set of x new nodes and name it set-K.
2. B x y: Create edges between nodes of set-x and set-y.
3. C x : Create a set composed of nodes from set-x and its directly and indirectly connected nodes, called set-K. Note that each node can only exist in one set, so other sets become empty.
The first set's name will be set-1. In first and third operation K is referring to the index of new set:

K = [index of last created set] + 1
Create the graph by completing the Q operations specified during input. Then calculate the maximum number of independent nodes (i.e.:how many nodes in the final graph which don't have direct edge between them).

Input Format

The first line contains Q.
The Q subsequent lines each contain an operation to be performed.

Constraints
.1 <= Q <= 10^5
For the first operation, 1 <= x <= 10^4.
For the second operation, x < y and all ys are distinct.
For the second and third operation, it's guaranteed that set-x and set-y exist.

Output Format

Print maximum number of independent nodes in the final graph (i.e.: nodes which have no direct connection to one another).



Solution :



title-img


                            Solution in C :

In C++ :





#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <numeric>
#include <set>
#include <map>
#include <queue>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cmath>
#include <ctime>
#include <cstring>
#include <cctype>
#include <cassert>
#include <limits>
#include <functional>
#define rep(i,n) for(int (i)=0;(i)<(int)(n);++(i))
#define rer(i,l,u) for(int (i)=(int)(l);(i)<=(int)(u);++(i))
#define reu(i,l,u) for(int (i)=(int)(l);(i)<(int)(u);++(i))
#if defined(_MSC_VER) || __cplusplus > 199711L
#define aut(r,v) auto r = (v)
#else
#define aut(r,v) __typeof(v) r = (v)
#endif
#define each(it,o) for(aut(it, (o).begin()); it != (o).end(); ++ it)
#define all(o) (o).begin(), (o).end()
#define pb(x) push_back(x)
#define mp(x,y) make_pair((x),(y))
#define mset(m,v) memset(m,v,sizeof(m))
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f
#define INFL 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3fLL
using namespace std;
typedef vector<int> vi; 
typedef pair<int, int> pii;
typedef vector<pair<int, int> > vpii; typedef long long ll;
template<typename T, typename U> inline void amin(T &x, U y)
 { if(y < x) x = y; }
template<typename T, typename U> inline void amax(T &x, U y) 
{ if(x < y) x = y; }

vector<int> weight;
vector<vi> tree;
vector<int> child;
vector<int> memo;
int K;

int recTree(int i, int p, int j, bool b) {
	if(tree[i].size() == j) {
		int &r = memo[(K + i) * 2 + b];
		if(r != -1) return r;
		if(!b) {
			return r = 0;
		} else if(child[i] == -1) {
			return r = weight[i];
		} else {
			r = 0;
			rep(cb, 2)
				amax(r, recTree(child[i], -1, 0, cb != 0));
			return r;
		}
	}
	int c = tree[i][j];
	if(c == p)
		return recTree(i, p, j + 1, b);
	int &r = memo[c * 2 + b];
	if(r != -1) return r;
	r = 0;
	amax(r, recTree(c, i, 0, false) + recTree(i, p, j + 1, b));
	if(!b)
		amax(r, recTree(c, i, 0, true) + recTree(i, p, j + 1, b));
	return r;
}

void traverse(int x, vi &q, vector<bool> &vis) {
	q.clear();
	q.push_back(x);
	for(int h = 0; h != q.size(); ++ h) {
		int i = q[h];
		for(int j : tree[i]) if(!vis[j]) {
			vis[j] = true;
			q.push_back(j);
		}
	}
}

int main() {
	int Q;
	while(~scanf("%d", &Q)) {
		K = 0;
		weight.assign(Q, -1);
		tree.assign(Q, vi());
		child.assign(Q, -1);
		vi q;
		vector<bool> vis(Q, false);
		for(int ii = 0; ii < Q; ++ ii) {
			char ty[10];
			scanf("%s", ty);
			if(*ty == 'A') {
				int x;
				scanf("%d", &x);
				weight[K] = x;
				++ K;
			} else if(*ty == 'B') {
				int x; int y;
				scanf("%d%d", &x, &y), -- x, -- y;
				if(!vis[x] && !vis[y]) {
					tree[x].push_back(y);
					tree[y].push_back(x);
				}
			} else if(*ty == 'C') {
				int x;
				scanf("%d", &x), -- x;
				traverse(x, q, vis);
				child[K] = x;
				++ K;
			} else abort();
		}
		memo.assign(K * 4, -1);
		int ans = 0;
		rep(i, K) if(!vis[i]) {
			traverse(i, q, vis);
			int x = 0;
			rep(b, 2)
				amax(x, recTree(i, -1, 0, b != 0));
			ans += x;
		}
		printf("%d\n", ans);
	}
	return 0;
}








In Java :





import java.io.*;
import java.math.*;
import java.util.*;

public class CodeSprint6_2 {
    static class Node{
        int val;
        boolean active;
        int parent;
        int ansTake;
        int ansNotTake;
        ArrayList<Integer> next;
        public Node(){
            next=new ArrayList<>();
        }
    }
    static int[] val;
    static boolean[] active;
    static int[] parent;
    static int n;
    static int ansTake[];
    static int ansNotTake[]; 
    static ArrayList<Integer> next[];
    static Node[] v;
    public static void main(String ars[]) {
        Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
        int q=in.nextInt();
        in.nextLine();
        n=0;
        v=new Node[q];
        for(int i=0;i<q;i++){
            v[i]=new Node();
        }
        for(int t=0;t<q;t++){
            String[] input = in.nextLine().split(" ");
            if(input[0].equals("A")){
                v[n].val=Integer.parseInt(input[1]);
                v[n].next=new ArrayList<>();
                v[n].active=true;
                v[n].parent=-1;
                n++;
            }
            if(input[0].equals("B")){
                int x=Integer.parseInt(input[1])-1;
                int y=Integer.parseInt(input[2])-1;
                if(v[x].active && v[y].active){
                    v[x].next.add(y);
                    v[y].parent=x;
                }
            }
            if(input[0].equals("C")){
                int z=Integer.parseInt(input[1])-1;
                while(v[z].parent!=-1)
                    z=v[z].parent;
                int ans=findAnswer(z)[1];
                v[n].val=ans;
                v[n].next=new ArrayList<>();
                v[n].active=true;
                v[n].parent=-1;
                n++;
            }
        }
        int finalAnswer=0;
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++){
            if(v[i].active){
                int z=i;
                while(v[z].parent!=-1)
                    z=v[z].parent;
                finalAnswer+=findAnswer(z)[1];
            }
        }
        System.out.println(finalAnswer);
    }
    
    static int[] findAnswer(int z){
        int[] duet = new int[2];
        duet[0]=0;
        duet[1]=v[z].val;
        
        for(int x:v[z].next){
            int temp[] = findAnswer(x);
            duet[1]+=temp[0];
            duet[0]+=temp[1];
        }
        duet[1]=Math.max(duet[0], duet[1]);
        v[z].active=false;
        return duet;
    }
    
}








In C :





#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
typedef struct _lnode{
  int x;
  int w;
  struct _lnode *next;
} lnode;
void insert_edge(int x,int y,int w);
void dfs(int x,int y);
int max(int x,int y);
char str[2];
int a[100000],dp1[2][100000],track[100000]={0};
lnode *table[100000]={0};

int main(){
  int Q,x,y,c=0;
  scanf("%d",&Q);
  while(Q--){
    scanf("%s",str);
    switch(str[0]){
      case 'A':
        scanf("%d",&x);
        a[c++]=x;
        break;
      case 'B':
        scanf("%d%d",&x,&y);
        insert_edge(x-1,y-1,1);
        break;
      default:
        scanf("%d",&x);
        dfs(x-1,-1);
        a[c++]=max(dp1[0][x-1],dp1[1][x-1]);
    }
  }
  for(x=y=0;x<c;x++)
    if(!track[x]){
      dfs(x,-1);
      y+=max(dp1[0][x],dp1[1][x]);
    }
  printf("%d",y);
  return 0;
}
void insert_edge(int x,int y,int w){
  lnode *t=malloc(sizeof(lnode));
  t->x=y;
  t->w=w;
  t->next=table[x];
  table[x]=t;
  t=malloc(sizeof(lnode));
  t->x=x;
  t->w=w;
  t->next=table[y];
  table[y]=t;
  return;
}
void dfs(int x,int y){
  lnode *p;
  track[x]=1;
  for(p=table[x];p;p=p->next)
    if(p->x!=y)
      dfs(p->x,x);
  dp1[1][x]=0;
  dp1[0][x]=a[x];
  for(p=table[x];p;p=p->next)
    if(p->x!=y){
      dp1[0][x]+=dp1[1][p->x];
      if(dp1[0][p->x]>dp1[1][p->x])
        dp1[1][x]+=dp1[0][p->x];
      else
        dp1[1][x]+=dp1[1][p->x];
    }
  return;
}
int max(int x,int y){
  return (x>y)?x:y;
}








In Python3 :





from itertools import repeat
M = 200010
AdjList = [[] for i in repeat(None, M)];
dppp = [0 for i in range(M)];
dpp1 = [0 for i in range(M)];
my_str = ""
done = [0 for i in range(M)];
max_ind = [0 for i in range(M)];
N = 0;

def dfs(node, dad):
	dpp1[node] = max_ind[node];
	for i in range(len(AdjList[node])):
		v = AdjList[node][i];
		if v != dad:
			dfs(v, node);
			dppp[node] = dppp[node] + max(dppp[v], dpp1[v]);
			dpp1[node] = dpp1[node] + dppp[v];
	done[node] = 0;

Q = int(input());

for q in range(Q):
	my_str = str(input());
	u = my_str.split(' ');
	if(my_str[0] == 'A'):
		x = int(u[1]);
		N = N + 1;
		max_ind[N] = x;
		done[N] = 1;
	elif my_str[0] == 'B':
		x = int(u[1]);
		y = int(u[2]);
		AdjList[x].append(y);
		AdjList[y].append(x);
	elif my_str[0] == 'C':
		x = int(u[1]);
		dfs(x, x);
		N = N + 1;
		max_ind[N] = max(dppp[x], dpp1[x]);
		done[N] = 1;
ans = 0;
for i in range(N):
	if done[i + 1] == 1 :
		dfs(i + 1, i + 1);
		ans = ans + max(dppp[i + 1], dpp1[i + 1]);
print(str(ans));
                        








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