Merge Sort: Counting Inversions
Problem Statement :
In an array, arr , the elements at indices i and j (where i < j ) form an inversion if arr[ i ] > arr[ j ]. In other words, inverted elements arr[ i ] and arr[ j ] are considered to be "out of order". To correct an inversion, we can swap adjacent elements. Function Description Complete the function countInversions in the editor below. countInversions has the following parameter(s): int arr[n]: an array of integers to sort Returns int: the number of inversions Input Format The first line contains an integer, d, the number of datasets. Each of the next d pairs of lines is as follows: 1. The first line contains an integer, n , the number of elements in arr. The second line contains n space-separated integers, arr[ i ]. Constraints 1 <= d <= 15 1 <= n <= 10^5 1 <= arr[ i ] <= 10^7
Solution :
Solution in C :
In C :
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
long long int c=0;
void MergeIP(int a[],int l,int r){
if(l<r){
int k=(l+r)/2;
MergeIP(a,l,k);
MergeIP(a,k+1,r);
MergeIPcount(a,l,r,k);
}
}
void MergeIPcount(int a[],int l,int r,int k){
int *b;
b=(int *)malloc(sizeof(int)*(r-l+1));
int i=l,j=k+1,x=0;
while(i<=k&&j<=r){
if(a[i]<=a[j]){
b[x++]=a[i++];
}
else if(a[i]>a[j]){
b[x++]=a[j++];
c=c+(k-i+1);
}
}
while(i<=k)
b[x++]=a[i++];
while(j<=r)
b[x++]=a[j++];
i=l;
x=0;
while(i<=r)
a[i++]=b[x++];
free(b);
}
int main(){
int t;
scanf("%d",&t);
for(int a0 = 0; a0 < t; a0++){
int n;
scanf("%d",&n);
int *arr = malloc(sizeof(int) * n);
for(int arr_i = 0; arr_i < n; arr_i++){
scanf("%d",&arr[arr_i]);
}
MergeIP(arr,0,n-1);
printf("%lld\n",c);
c=0;
}
return 0;
}
Solution in C++ :
In C++ :
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <list>
#include <cmath>
#include <ctime>
#include <deque>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <string>
#include <bitset>
#include <cstdio>
#include <limits>
#include <vector>
#include <climits>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <fstream>
#include <numeric>
#include <sstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <unordered_map>
using namespace std;
long long contador=0;
typedef vector<int> vi;
vi va, vb, vc;
void combinar(int a, int b)
{
//vi r;
int i=a, mitad=(a+b)/2,j=mitad, w=a;
while (i<mitad and j<b)
{
//cout<<"coi\n";
if (va[i]<=va[j])
{
vb[w]=va[i];
++i;
}
else
{
contador += mitad-i;
//cout<<"aqui\n";
vb[w]=va[j];
++j;
}
++w;
}
while (i<mitad )
{
vb[w]=va[i];
++i;
++w;
}
while (j<b)
{
//contador += a.size()-i;
vb[w]=va[j];
++j;
++w;
}
for (int p=a; p<b; ++p)
va[p]=vb[p];
return ;
}
void mergesort(int a, int b)
{
if (b-a<=1) return;
//vi i(a.begin(), a.begin() + a.size()/2 );
//vi d(a.begin() + a.size()/2, a.end() );
mergesort(a, (a+b)/2);
mergesort((a+b)/2,b);
combinar(a, b);
}
long long count_inversions() {
contador=0;
vc=vb=va;
mergesort(0, va.size());
sort(vc.begin(), vc.end());
if (vc!=va)
for (int co=-1; ;co--)
vc[co];
return contador;
}
int main(){
int t;
cin >> t;
for(int a0 = 0; a0 < t; a0++){
int n;
cin >> n;
vector<int> arr(n);
for(int arr_i = 0;arr_i < n;arr_i++){
cin >> arr[arr_i];
}
va= arr;
//cout<<"popoku\n";
cout << count_inversions() << endl;
}
return 0;
}
Solution in Java :
In Java :
import java.util.*;
class Solution {
public static long countInversions(int[] a){
int n = a.length;
// Base Case
if(n <= 1) {
return 0;
}
// Recursive Case
int mid = n >> 1;
int[] left = Arrays.copyOfRange(a, 0, mid);
int[] right = Arrays.copyOfRange(a, mid, a.length);
long inversions = countInversions(left) + countInversions(right);
int range = n - mid;
int iLeft = 0;
int iRight = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if(
iLeft < mid
&& (
iRight >= range || left[iLeft] <= right[iRight]
)
) {
a[i] = left[iLeft++];
inversions += iRight;
}
else if(iRight < range) {
a[i] = right[iRight++];
}
}
return inversions;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
int t = scanner.nextInt();
for(int i = 0; i < t; i++){
int n = scanner.nextInt();
int[] a = new int[n];
for(int j = 0; j < n; j++){
a[j] = scanner.nextInt();
}
System.out.println(countInversions(a));
}
scanner.close();
}
}
Solution in Python :
In Python3 :
def merge(a, l, m, h):
c = []
i = l
j = m + 1
s = 0
while i <= m and j <= h:
if a[i] > a[j]:
# there is an inversion
s += (m - i + 1)
c.append(a[j])
j += 1
else:
c.append(a[i])
i += 1
# Adding remaning numbers
while i <= m:
c.append(a[i])
i += 1
while j <= h:
c.append(a[j])
j += 1
a[l: h + 1] = c
return s
def count(a, l, h):
if l >= h:
return 0
#print(l, h)
m = l + (h - l) // 2
s = 0
s += count(a, l, m)
s += count(a, m + 1, h)
s += merge(a, l, m, h)
return s
def count_inversions(a):
return count(a, 0, len(a) - 1)
t = int(input().strip())
for a0 in range(t):
n = int(input().strip())
arr = list(map(int, input().strip().split(' ')))
print(count_inversions(arr))
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