Maximizing the Function


Problem Statement :


Consider an array of  binary integers (i.e., 's and 's) defined as .

Let  be the bitwise XOR of all elements in the inclusive range between index  and index  in array . In other words, . Next, we'll define another function, :

Given array  and  independent queries, perform each query on  and print the result on a new line. A query consists of three integers, , , and , and you must find the maximum possible  you can get by changing at most  elements in the array from  to  or from  to .

Note: Each query is independent and considered separately from all other queries, so changes made in one query have no effect on the other queries.

Input Format

The first line contains two space-separated integers denoting the respective values of  (the number of elements in array ) and  (the number of queries).
The second line contains  space-separated integers where element  corresponds to array element  .
Each line  of the  subsequent lines contains  space-separated integers, ,  and  respectively, describing query  .

Output Format

Print  lines where line  contains the answer to query  (i.e., the maximum value of  if no more than  bits are changed).



Solution :



title-img


                            Solution in C :

In  C  :







#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int a[500000],odd_sum[500000],even_sum[500000];

int main(){
  int n,q,x,y,k,odd,even,i;
  scanf("%d%d",&n,&q);
  for(i=0;i<n;i++){
    scanf("%d",a+i);
    if(i){
      a[i]^=a[i-1];
      if(a[i]){
        odd_sum[i]=odd_sum[i-1]+1;
        even_sum[i]=even_sum[i-1];
      }
      else{
        odd_sum[i]=odd_sum[i-1];
        even_sum[i]=even_sum[i-1]+1;
      }
    }
    else
      if(a[i]){
        odd_sum[i]=1;
        even_sum[i]=0;
      }
      else{
        odd_sum[i]=0;
        even_sum[i]=1;
      }
  }
  while(q--){
    scanf("%d%d%d",&x,&y,&k);
    if(k)
      printf("%lld\n",(y-x+2)/2*((long long)(y-x+3)/2));
    else{
      odd=odd_sum[y];
      even=even_sum[y];
      if(x){
        odd-=odd_sum[x-1];
        even-=even_sum[x-1];
      }
      if(!x || !a[x-1])
        printf("%lld\n",odd*(long long)(even+1));
      else
        printf("%lld\n",even*(long long)(odd+1));
    }
  }
  return 0;
}
                        


                        Solution in C++ :

In  C++  :







#include "bits/stdc++.h"
using namespace std;
#define rep(i,n) for(int (i)=0;(i)<(int)(n);++(i))
#define rer(i,l,u) for(int (i)=(int)(l);(i)<=(int)(u);++(i))
#define reu(i,l,u) for(int (i)=(int)(l);(i)<(int)(u);++(i))
static const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f; static const long long INFL = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3fLL;
typedef vector<int> vi; typedef pair<int, int> pii; typedef vector<pair<int, int> > vpii; typedef long long ll;
template<typename T, typename U> static void amin(T &x, U y) { if(y < x) x = y; }
template<typename T, typename U> static void amax(T &x, U y) { if(x < y) x = y; }

int main() {
	int n; int q;
	while(~scanf("%d%d", &n, &q)) {
		vector<int> a(n);
		for(int i = 0; i < n; ++ i)
			scanf("%d", &a[i]);
		vector<int> sum(n + 1);
		rep(i, n) sum[i + 1] = sum[i] ^ a[i];
		vector<int> sum2(n + 2);
		rep(i, n + 1) sum2[i + 1] = sum2[i] + sum[i];
		rep(ii, q) {
			int x; int y; int k;
			scanf("%d%d%d", &x, &y, &k), ++ y;
			int cnt0 = sum2[y + 1] - sum2[x];
			int cnt1 = (y + 1 - x) - cnt0;
			if(cnt0 > cnt1) swap(cnt0, cnt1);
			ll ans = k == 0 ? (ll)cnt0 * cnt1 :
				(ll)((y + 1 - x) / 2) * ((y + 1 - x + 1) / 2);
			printf("%lld\n", ans);
		}
	}
	return 0;
}
                    


                        Solution in Java :

In  Java :






import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;

public class C {

    BufferedReader br;
    PrintWriter out;
    StringTokenizer st;
    boolean eof;

    void solve() throws IOException {
        int n = nextInt();
        int q = nextInt();
        
        int[] b = new int[n + 1];
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            int x = nextInt();
            b[i + 1] = b[i] ^ x;
        }
        
        int[] c = new int[n + 2];
        for (int i = 0; i < n + 1; i++) {
            c[i + 1] = c[i] + b[i];
        }
        
        while (q-- > 0) {
            int x = nextInt();
            int y = nextInt();
            int k = nextInt();
            
            int len = y - x + 2;
            
            int ones;
            
            if (k == 0) {
                ones = c[y + 2] - c[x];
                
            } else {
                ones = len / 2;
            }
            out.println((long)ones * (len - ones));
        }
    }

    C() throws IOException {
        br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        out = new PrintWriter(System.out);
        solve();
        out.close();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        new C();
    }

    String nextToken() {
        while (st == null || !st.hasMoreTokens()) {
            try {
                st = new StringTokenizer(br.readLine());
            } catch (Exception e) {
                eof = true;
                return null;
            }
        }
        return st.nextToken();
    }

    String nextString() {
        try {
            return br.readLine();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            eof = true;
            return null;
        }
    }

    int nextInt() throws IOException {
        return Integer.parseInt(nextToken());
    }

    long nextLong() throws IOException {
        return Long.parseLong(nextToken());
    }

    double nextDouble() throws IOException {
        return Double.parseDouble(nextToken());
    }
}
                    


                        Solution in Python : 
                            
In   Python3 :






#!/usr/bin/python3

def init(A,n):
    retA = [0]*(n+1);
    B = [0]*(n+1)
    tmp = 0
    for i in range(n):
        tmp ^= A[i]
        B[i+1] = tmp
        retA[i+1] += retA[i] + tmp

    return retA,B

if __name__ == "__main__":
    n,q = list(map(int,input().rstrip().split()))
    A = list(map(int,input().rstrip().split()))

    newA, B = init( A, n )
    while q > 0 :
        x,y,k = list(map(int,input().rstrip().split()))
        num = newA[y+1] - newA[x]
        if B[x]:
            num = (y + 1 - x) - num
        size = y - x + 2

        num = abs(int(size/2)) if k else num

        print( num*(size-num) )

        q-=1
                    


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