Hamming Distance


Problem Statement :


You are given a string , consisting of  small latin letters 'a' and 'b'. You are also given  queries to process. The queries are as follows:

C   : all the symbols in the string, starting at the , ending at the  become equal to ;
S    : swap two consecutive fragments of the string, where the first is denoted by a substring starting from  ending at  and the second is denoted by a substring starting at  ending at ;
R  : reverse the fragment of the string that starts at the  symbol and ends at the  one;
W  : output the substring of the string that starts at the  symbol and ends at the  one;
H   : output the Hamming distance between the consecutive substrings that starts at  and  respectively and have the length of .
Everything is 1-indexed here.


Input Format

The first line of input contains a single integer   the length of the string.
The second line contains the initial string  itself.
The third line of input contains a single integer   the number of queries.
Then, there are  lines, each denotes a query of one of the types above.


Output Format

For each query of the type W or the type H output an answer on the separate line of output.



Solution :



title-img


                            Solution in C :

In  C  :







#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

void HandleC(char *S, int N) {
    int l, r, ch;
    scanf ("%d %d %c\n", &l, &r, (char *)&ch);
    l--;
    r--;
    while (l <= r) {
        S[l] = ch;
        l++;
    }
}
char tS[500001];
void HandleS(char *S, int N) {
    int l1, l2, r1, r2, len1, len2, end=0;
    
    int i, l, r;
    scanf ("%d %d %d %d\n", &l1, &r1, &l2, &r2);
    l1--;
    l2--;
    r1--;
    r2--;
    int indices[4][2] = {
        {l2, r2+1}, {r1+1,l2}, {l1, r1+1}, {r2+1, N+1}
    };

    strncpy(tS+l1, S+l1, N-l1);
    end = l1;
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++){
        int l = indices[i][0], r = indices[i][1];
        if (l < r) {
            strncpy(S+end, tS+l, r-l+1);
        }
        end += r - l;
    }

    
/*
    len1 = r1 - l1 + 1;
    len2 = r2 - l2 + 1;
    
    memcpy(tS, &S[l1], l2-l1);
    memcpy(&S[l1], &S[l2], len2);
    memcpy(&S[l1+len2], &tS[len1-1], (l2-l1)-len1);
    memcpy(&S[l1+len2+l2-l1-len1], tS, len1);
*/
}

void HandleR(char *S, int N) {
    int l, r, temp;
    scanf ("%d %d\n", &l, &r);
    l--;
    r--;
    while (l <= r) {
        temp = S[l];
        S[l] = S[r];
        S[r] = temp;
        l++;
        r--;
    }
}

void HandleW(char *S, int N) {
    int l, r;
    scanf ("%d %d\n", &l, &r);
    l--;
    r--;
    while (l <= r) {
        printf ("%c", S[l]);
        l++;
    }
    printf ("\n");
}

void HandleH(char *S, int N) {
    int l1, l2, len, hd = 0;
    scanf ("%d %d %d\n", &l1, &l2, &len);
    l1--;l2--;
    while (len) {
        if (S[l1] != S[l2])
            hd++;
        len--;
        l1++;
        l2++;
    }
    printf ("%d\n", hd);
}

int main() {
    int N, M;
    int ch;
    char S[50001];
    
    scanf ("%d\n%s\n%d\n", &N, S, &M);
    
    while (M) {
        scanf("%c ", (char *)&ch);
        switch (ch) {
            case 'C':
                HandleC(S, N);
                break;
            case 'S':
                HandleS(S, N);
                break;
            case 'R':
                HandleR(S, N);
                break;
            case 'W':
                HandleW(S, N);
                break;
            case 'H':
                HandleH(S, N);
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
        M--;
    }
    return 0;
}
                        


                        Solution in C++ :

In  C ++  :








#include <bits/stdc++.h>
#define SZ(X) ((int)(X).size())
#define ALL(X) (X).begin(), (X).end()
#define REP(I, N) for (int I = 0; I < (N); ++I)
#define REPP(I, A, B) for (int I = (A); I < (B); ++I)
#define RI(X) scanf("%d", &(X))
#define RII(X, Y) scanf("%d%d", &(X), &(Y))
#define RIII(X, Y, Z) scanf("%d%d%d", &(X), &(Y), &(Z))
#define DRI(X) int (X); scanf("%d", &X)
#define DRII(X, Y) int X, Y; scanf("%d%d", &X, &Y)
#define DRIII(X, Y, Z) int X, Y, Z; scanf("%d%d%d", &X, &Y, &Z)
#define RS(X) scanf("%s", (X))
#define CASET int ___T, case_n = 1; scanf("%d ", &___T); while (___T-- > 0)
#define MP make_pair
#define PB push_back
#define MS0(X) memset((X), 0, sizeof((X)))
#define MS1(X) memset((X), -1, sizeof((X)))
#define LEN(X) strlen(X)
#define F first
#define S second
typedef long long LL;
using namespace std;
const int LEN = 20;
const int BOUND = 1<<LEN;
int rev[BOUND],bit_cnt[BOUND];
int ONES;
void init(){
    REP(i,LEN)ONES|=1<<i;
    REP(i,BOUND){
        bit_cnt[i]=bit_cnt[i>>1]+(i&1);
        int tmp=i;
        REP(j,LEN){
            rev[i]<<=1;
            rev[i]|=tmp&1;
            tmp>>=1;
        }
    }
}
int a[50010];
char s[50010];
int tmp1[50010],tmp2[50010],tmp3[50010];
void get(int tmp[],int st,int len){
    if(!len){
        tmp[0]=0;
        return;
    }
    int w=len/LEN;
    int r=st%LEN;
    int x=st/LEN;
    int mask1=(1<<r)-1;
    int mask2=(1<<LEN)-1-mask1;
    REP(i,w){
        tmp[i]=((a[x+i]&mask2)>>r)|((a[x+i+1]&mask1)<<(LEN-r));
    }

    r=len-LEN*w;
    tmp[w]=0;
    REP(i,r){
        if((a[(st+w*LEN+i)/LEN]>>((st+w*LEN+i)%LEN))&1)
            tmp[w]|=1<<i;
    }
}
void put(int tmp[],int st,int len){
    if(!len)return;
    int w=len/LEN;
    int r=st%LEN;
    int x=st/LEN;
    int mask1=(1<<r)-1;
    int mask2=(1<<LEN)-1-mask1;

    int mask3=(1<<(LEN-r))-1;
    int mask4=(1<<LEN)-1-mask3;
    REP(i,w){
        a[x+i]&=mask1;
        a[x+i]|=(tmp[i]&mask3)<<r;
        a[x+i+1]&=mask2;
        a[x+i+1]|=(tmp[i]&mask4)>>(LEN-r);
    }

    r=len-LEN*w;
    int xx=(st+w*LEN)/LEN;
    int yy=(st+w*LEN)%LEN;
    REP(i,r){
        if(((tmp[w]>>i)&1) != ((a[xx]>>yy)&1))
            a[xx]^=1<<yy;
        yy++;
        if(yy==LEN){
            xx++;
            yy=0;
        }
    }
}
int main(){
    init();
    DRII(N,M);
    RS(s);
    int sn=LEN(s);
    {
        int x=0,y=0;
        REP(i,sn){
            if(s[i]=='b')a[x]|=1<<y;
            y++;
            if(y==LEN){
                x++;
                y=0;
            }
        }
    }
    DRI(Q);
    while(Q--){
        //REP(i,5)printf("%d",a[i]);
        //puts("");
        char c[4];
        RS(c);
        if(c[0]=='C'){
            DRII(ll,rr);
            ll--;rr--;
            int st=(ll+LEN-1)/LEN,ed=(rr+1)/LEN;
            RS(c);
            int len=(rr-ll+LEN)/LEN;
            if(c[0]=='a'){
                REP(i,len)tmp1[i]=0;
            }
            else{
                REP(i,len)tmp1[i]=ONES;
            }
            put(tmp1,ll,rr-ll+1);
        }
        else if(c[0]=='S'){
            DRII(ll1,rr1);
            DRII(ll2,rr2);
            ll1--;rr1--;ll2--;rr2--;
            get(tmp1,ll1,rr1-ll1+1);
            get(tmp2,rr1+1,ll2-1-rr1);
            get(tmp3,ll2,rr2-ll2+1);
           // printf("[[%d%d]]\n",tmp1[0],tmp1[1]);
            //printf("[[%d]]\n",tmp3[0]);
            put(tmp3,ll1,rr2-ll2+1);
            put(tmp2,ll1+rr2-ll2+1,ll2-1-rr1);
            put(tmp1,ll1+rr2-rr1,rr1-ll1+1);
        }
        else if(c[0]=='R'){
            DRII(ll,rr);
            ll--;rr--;
            int len=rr-ll+1;
            get(tmp1,ll,len);
            //REP(i,5)printf("[%d]",tmp1[i]);
            if(len%LEN==0){
                int w=len/LEN;
                REP(i,w)tmp2[i]=rev[tmp1[w-i-1]];
            }
            else{
                int w=len/LEN;
                int r=len%LEN;
                int mask1=(1<<r)-1;
                int mask2=(1<<LEN)-1-mask1;
                REP(i,w)tmp2[i]=rev[((tmp1[w-i]&mask1)<<(LEN-r))|((tmp1[w-i-1]&mask2)>>r)];
                tmp2[w]=0;
                REP(i,r)
                    if((tmp1[0]>>(r-i-1))&1)tmp2[w]|=1<<i;
            }
            put(tmp2,ll,len);
        }
        else if(c[0]=='W'){
            DRII(ll,rr);
            ll--;
            int x=ll/LEN;
            int y=ll%LEN;
            REPP(i,ll,rr){
                int now=(a[x]>>y)&1;
                if(now)putchar('b');
                else putchar('a');
                y++;
                if(y==LEN){
                    x++;
                    y=0;
                }
            }
            puts("");
        }
        else if(c[0]=='H'){
            DRIII(st1,st2,len);
            st1--;st2--;
            get(tmp1,st1,len);
            get(tmp2,st2,len);
            len=(len+LEN-1)/LEN;
            int an=0;
            REP(i,len)an+=bit_cnt[tmp1[i]^tmp2[i]];
            printf("%d\n",an);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}
                    


                        Solution in Java :

In  Java :







import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Arrays;

public class Hamming {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
        Hamming solution = new Hamming(System.in);
//        Thread.sleep(10000);
        solution.run();
    }
    
    private class Scanner {

    	public final byte[] bytes;

    	public final int length;

    	public int pos = 0;
    	
    	private Scanner(InputStream in) throws IOException {
            bytes = new byte[2026000];
            int read;
            int pos = 0;
            while((read = in.read(bytes, pos, bytes.length - pos)) != -1)
                pos += read;
            this.length = pos;
    	}
    	
    	private int nextInt() {
    		int i = 0;
    		int d;
    		while((d = (bytes[pos++] - '0')) >= 0 && d <= 9) {
    			i = i*10 + d;
    		}
    		while(true) {
    			switch(bytes[pos]) {
    			case '\r':
    			case '\n':
    			case ' ':
    				pos++;
    				continue;
    				
				default:
//		    		System.out.println("nextInt: " + i);
		    		return i;
    			}
    		}
    	}
    	
    	private String nextLine() {
    		int start = pos;
    		while(bytes[pos] != '\r' && bytes[pos] != '\n')
    			pos++;
    		int len = pos - start;
    		skipNewline();
//    		System.out.println("nextLine pos " + pos + ": " + new String(bytes, start, len));
    		return new String(bytes, start, len);
    	}

    	private void skipNewline() {
    		while(true) {
    			switch(bytes[pos]) {
    			case '\r':
    			case '\n':
    				pos++;
    				continue;
    				
				default:
					return;
    			}
    		}
    	}
    }

    
    private final Scanner scan;
    
    private final int N;
    
    private final int M;

    private final CharArraySolution solution;
    
    private Hamming(InputStream in) throws IOException {
    	scan = new Scanner(in);
        N = scan.nextInt();
        solution = new CharArraySolution(scan.nextLine());
        M = scan.nextInt();
    }
    
    private void run() {
        for(int m=0; m<M; m++) {
        	switch (scan.bytes[scan.pos++]) {
			case 'C':
				scan.pos++;
                solution.set(scan.nextInt(), scan.nextInt(), scan.bytes[scan.pos++]);
        		scan.skipNewline();
				break;

			case 'S':
				scan.pos++;
                solution.swap(scan.nextInt(), scan.nextInt(), scan.nextInt(), scan.nextInt());
				break;

			case 'R':
				scan.pos++;
                solution.reverse(scan.nextInt(), scan.nextInt());
				break;

			case 'W':
				scan.pos++;
                solution.write(scan.nextInt(), scan.nextInt());
				break;

			case 'H':
				scan.pos++;
                solution.hamming(scan.nextInt(), scan.nextInt(), scan.nextInt());
				break;
			}
        }
        System.out.print(solution.toString());
    }
 
    private class CharArraySolution {

        private final int N;
        private final char[] forward;
        private final char[] reverse;
        private final char[] as;
        private final char[] bs;
        private final char[] buf;
        private final char[] out;
        
        private int outpos = 0;
        
        private CharArraySolution(String string) {
            char[] chars = string.toCharArray();
            N = chars.length;
            forward = new char[N+1];
            System.arraycopy(chars, 0, forward, 1, N);
            reverse = new char[N+1];
            for(int i=1; i<=N; i++) {
                reverse[i] = forward[N-i+1];
            }
            as = new char[N+1];
            Arrays.fill(as, 'a');
            bs = new char[N+1];
            Arrays.fill(bs, 'b');
//            write(1,N);
            buf = new char[N+1];
            out = new char[2000000];
        }

        private void set(int l, int r, byte c) {
//            System.out.println("set " + l + " " + r + " " + c);
            int len = r-l+1;
            if(c == 'a') {
                System.arraycopy(as, 0, forward, l, len);
                l = N-r+1;
                System.arraycopy(as, 0, reverse, l, len);
            } else {
                System.arraycopy(bs, 0, forward, l, len);
                l = N-r+1;
                System.arraycopy(bs, 0, reverse, l, len);
            }
//            write(1,N);
        }

        private void swap(int l1, int r1, int l2, int r2) {
//            System.out.println("swap " + l1 + " " + r1 + " " + l2 + " " + r2);
            int len1 = r1-l1+1;
            int len2 = r2-l2+1;
            int lenm = l2-r1-1;
            if(len1 > len2) {
                System.arraycopy(forward, l1, buf, 0, len1);
                System.arraycopy(forward, l2, forward, l1, len2);
                System.arraycopy(forward, r1+1, forward, l1+len2, lenm);
                System.arraycopy(buf, 0, forward, l1+len2+lenm, len1);
                int oldl1 = l1;
                int oldr1 = r1;
                l1 = N-r2+1;
                r1 = N-l2+1;
                l2 = N-oldr1+1;
                r2 = N-oldl1+1;
                int oldlen1 = len1;
                len1 = len2;
                len2 = oldlen1;
                System.arraycopy(reverse, l2, buf, 0, len2);
                System.arraycopy(reverse, l1, reverse, r2-len1+1, len1);
                System.arraycopy(reverse, r1+1, reverse, r2-len1-lenm+1, lenm);
                System.arraycopy(buf, 0, reverse, l1, len2);
            } else {
                System.arraycopy(forward, l2, buf, 0, len2);
                System.arraycopy(forward, l1, forward, r2-len1+1, len1);
                System.arraycopy(forward, r1+1, forward, r2-len1-lenm+1, lenm);
                System.arraycopy(buf, 0, forward, l1, len2);
                int oldl1 = l1;
                int oldr1 = r1;
                l1 = N-r2+1;
                r1 = N-l2+1;
                l2 = N-oldr1+1;
                r2 = N-oldl1+1;
                int oldlen1 = len1;
                len1 = len2;
                len2 = oldlen1;
                System.arraycopy(reverse, l1, buf, 0, len1);
                System.arraycopy(reverse, l2, reverse, l1, len2);
                System.arraycopy(reverse, r1+1, reverse, l1+len2, lenm);
                System.arraycopy(buf, 0, reverse, l1+len2+lenm, len1);
            }
//            write(1,N);
        }

        private void reverse(int l, int r) {
//            System.out.println("reverse " + l + " " + r);
            int len = r-l+1;
            System.arraycopy(forward, l, buf, 0, len);
            System.arraycopy(reverse, N-r+1, forward, l, len);
            System.arraycopy(buf, 0, reverse, N-r+1, len);
//            write(1,N);
        }

        private void write(int l, int r) {
        	int len = r-l+1;
        	System.arraycopy(forward, l, out, outpos, len);
        	outpos += len;
        	out[outpos++] = '\n';
//            System.out.println(Arrays.copyOfRange(reverse, N-r+1, N-l+2));
        }

        private void hamming(int p1, int p2, int l) {
//            System.out.println("ham " + p1 + " " + p2 + " " + l);
            int c = 0;
            for(int i=0; i<l; i++) {
                if(forward[p1++] != forward[p2++])
                    c++;
            }
            int bufpos = 10;
            do {
            	buf[bufpos--] = (char)('0' + (c%10));
            	c /= 10;
            } while(c>0);
            System.arraycopy(buf, bufpos+1, out, outpos, 10 - bufpos);
            outpos += 10 - bufpos;
        	out[outpos++] = '\n';
        }
        
        public String toString() {
            return new String(out, 0, outpos);
        }

    }
    
}
                    


                        Solution in Python : 
                            
In  Python3 :






L = int(input())
S = input().strip()
M = int(input())

x = 0
z = 1
for c in S:
    if c == 'b':
        x += z
    z *= 2
x += z

def prnt(n):
    i = 1
    s = ''
    while i < z:
        s += 'ab'[i & n > 0]
        i *= 2
    print(s)

#prnt(x)

for i in range(M):
    e = input().strip()
    #e = 'S 1 2 3 4'
    q = e.split()
    a = q[0]
    if a in 'CR':
        i, j = map(lambda c: int(c)-1, q[1:3])
        mask1 = (1 << i) - 1
        mask2 = (1 << (j+1)) - 1
        mask3 = (z - 1) ^ mask2
        mask2 ^= mask1
        y = x & (mask1 | mask3)
        if a == 'C' and q[3] == 'b':
            y |= mask2
        elif a == 'R':
            m = (x & mask2) >> i
            m |= (mask2 >> i) + 1
            rev = int(bin(m)[2:][::-1], base=2) >> 1            
            y |= rev << i
        x = y
        #prnt(x)
    elif a == 'S':
        i, j, t, u = map(lambda c: int(c)-1, q[1:])
        mask5 = z - 1
        mask4 = (1 << (u+1)) - 1
        mask5 ^= mask4
        mask3 = (1 << t) - 1
        mask4 ^= mask3
        mask2 = (1 << (j+1)) - 1
        mask3 ^= mask2
        mask1 = (1 << i) - 1
        mask2 ^= mask1
        y = x & mask1
        y |= (x & mask4) >> (t - i)
        #mask4 >>= t - i        
        p = (x & mask3)
        p |= (x & mask2) << (t - i)
        k = u + 1 - (t-i)
        if k <= j:
            p >>= j - k + 1
        else:
            p <<= k - j - 1
        y |= p
        y |= x & mask5
       
        x = y
        #prnt(x)
        #break
    elif a == 'W':
        i, j = map(lambda c: int(c)-1, q[1:])
        k = 1 << i
        m = 1 << j
        r = ''
        while k <= m:
            r += 'ab'[k & x > 0]
            k <<= 1
        print(r)
    elif a == 'H':
        #prnt(x)
        i, j, L = map(int, q[1:])
        i -= 1
        j -= 1
        msk = [0, 0]
        for t, u in enumerate([i, j]):
            msk[t]  = (1 << (u + L)) - 1
            msk[t] ^= (1 << u) - 1

        t = (x & msk[0]) >> i
        u = (x & msk[1]) >> j            
        print(bin(t^u).count('1'))
                    


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