Frequency Stack - Amazon Top Interview Questions
Problem Statement :
Implement a frequency stack with the following methods: FrequencyStack() constructs a new instance of a frequency stack append(int val) appends val to the stack pop() pops and returns the most frequent element in the stack. If there's more than one most frequent element, the one that's closer to the top of the stack should be popped first. You can assume that for pop, the stack is non-empty when they are called. Constraints n ≤ 100,000 where n is the number of methods that will be called to append and pop Example 1 Input methods = ["constructor", "append", "append", "append", "pop", "pop", "pop"] arguments = [[], [1], [1], [2], [], [], []]` Output [None, None, None, None, 1, 2, 1]
Solution :
Solution in C++ :
class FrequencyStack {
public:
vector<stack<int>> frequencyToElement;
unordered_map<int, int> freq;
FrequencyStack() {
frequencyToElement.resize(1);
}
void append(int val) {
freq[val]++;
if (freq[val] >= frequencyToElement.size()) frequencyToElement.push_back({});
frequencyToElement[freq[val]].push(val);
}
int pop() {
int frequency = frequencyToElement.size() - 1;
int val = frequencyToElement[frequency].top();
frequencyToElement[frequency].pop();
if (frequencyToElement[frequency].size() == 0) frequencyToElement.pop_back();
freq[val]--;
return val;
}
};
Solution in Java :
import java.util.*;
class FrequencyStack {
int i;
PriorityQueue<Item> pq;
HashMap<Integer, Integer> sz;
public FrequencyStack() {
pq = new PriorityQueue<Item>();
sz = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
i = 0;
}
public void append(int val) {
int s = 1 + sz.getOrDefault(val, 0);
pq.add(new Item(val, s, i));
i++;
sz.put(val, s);
}
public int pop() {
while (!pq.isEmpty()) {
Item n = pq.poll();
int realS = sz.get(n.val);
if (n.s == realS) {
sz.put(n.val, realS - 1);
return n.val;
}
}
return -1;
}
static class Item implements Comparable<Item> {
int val;
int s;
long comp;
public Item(int val, int s, int ind) {
this.val = val;
this.s = s;
comp = 100000L * s + ind;
}
public int compareTo(Item i) {
if (comp > i.comp)
return -1;
else if (comp < i.comp)
return 1;
else
return 0;
}
}
}
Solution in Python :
class FrequencyStack:
def __init__(self):
self.frequencies = defaultdict(int)
self.heap = []
self.index = 0
def append(self, val: int) -> int:
self.frequencies[val] += 1
self.index += 1
heappush(self.heap, (-self.frequencies[val], -self.index, val))
def pop(self) -> int:
val = heappop(self.heap)[2]
self.frequencies[val] -= 1
return val
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