String Expansion - Amazon Top Interview Questions


Problem Statement :


You are given a string s consisting of lowercase alphabet characters, digits, and brackets"(" and ")". s encodes a longer string and is represented as concatenation of n(t), where n is the number of times t is repeated, and t is either a regular string or it's another encoded string recursively.

Return the expanded version of s. Note that t can be the empty string.

Example 1

Input

s = "2(ye)0(z)2(2(po)w)"

Output

"yeyepopowpopow"



Solution :



title-img




                        Solution in C++ :

string solve(string s) {
    stack<string> sk;
    stack<int> cnt;
    sk.push("");
    for (int i = 0; i < s.size(); i++) {
        if (isdigit(s[i])) {
            int c = atoi(&s[i]);
            while (i < s.size() && isdigit(s[i])) i++;
            cnt.push(c);
            sk.push("");
        } else if (s[i] == ')') {
            int c = cnt.top();
            cnt.pop();
            string ss = sk.top();
            sk.pop();
            while (c-- > 0) {
                sk.top().append(ss);
            }
        } else {
            sk.top().push_back(s[i]);
        }
    }
    return sk.top();
}
                    


                        Solution in Java :

import java.util.*;

class Solution {
    public String solve(String s) {
        return recurse(s);
    }
    public String recurse(String s) {
        if (s.length() == 0)
            return s;
        String ret = "";
        for (int j = 0; j < s.length(); j++) {
            if (Character.isDigit(s.charAt(j))) {
                int start = s.substring(j, s.length()).indexOf("(") + j;
                int x = Integer.parseInt(s.substring(j, start));
                int count = 1;
                int end;
                for (end = start + 1; end < s.length(); end++) {
                    if (s.charAt(end) == '(') {
                        count++;
                    } else if (s.charAt(end) == ')') {
                        count--;
                    }

                    if (count == 0) {
                        break;
                    }
                }
                String embed = s.substring(start + 1, end);
                ret += duplicate(recurse(embed), x);
                j += embed.length() + 2;
            } else {
                ret += String.valueOf(s.charAt(j));
            }
        }
        return ret;
    }
    public String duplicate(String s, int x) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = 0; i < x; i++) {
            sb.append(s);
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }
}
                    


                        Solution in Python : 
                            
class Solution:
    def solve(self, s):
        if "(" not in s:
            return s

        # where it all starts
        start = s.index("(")

        # i is the position at which digits start,
        # so we can simply take the string before that as-is
        for i in range(len(s)):
            if s[i].isdigit():
                break

        # number of times we need to multiply this string
        count = int(s[i:start])

        # we need to find the position in string that balances the current set of braces
        # so, currently since we already have a '(', balance is 1
        # when balance becomes 0, we have reached the end of the string
        # that we will multiply
        balance = 1
        for end in range(start + 1, len(s)):
            if s[end] == "(":
                balance += 1
            elif s[end] == ")":
                balance -= 1
                if not balance:
                    break

        # now we simply return
        # 1. s[:i] = string before integer part
        # 2. count * self.solve(s[start+1: end]) = simply multiply the string between the braces
        #                                           but also solve this substring recursively
        # 3. self.solve(s[end+1:]) = run the recursive function for the remaining string on the right
        return s[:i] + count * self.solve(s[start + 1 : end]) + self.solve(s[end + 1 :])
                    


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