Grid Walking
Problem Statement :
You are situated in an n dimensional grid at position (x[1],x[2],...,x[n]). The dimensions of the grid are D[1],D[2],...,D[n]). In one step, you can walk one step ahead or behind in any one of the n dimensions. This implies that there are always 2*n possible moves if movements are unconstrained by grid boundaries. How many ways can you take m steps without leaving the grid at any point? You leave the grid if at any point x[i], either x[i] <= 0 or x[i] >D[i].
For example, you start off in a 3 dimensional grid at position x = [2,2,2]. The dimensions of the grid are D = [3,3,3], so each of your axes will be numbered from 1 to 3. If you want to move m =1 step, you can move to the following coordinates: {[1,2,2],[2,1,2],[2,2,1],[3,2,2],[2,3,2],[2,2,3]}.
image
If we started at x=[1,1,1] in the same grid, our new paths would lead to {[1,1,2],[1,2,1],[2,1,1]}. Other moves are constrained by x[i] !<= 0.
Function Description
Complete the gridWalking function in the editor below. It should return an integer that represents the number of possible moves, modulo (10^9+7).
gridWalking has the following parameter(s):
m: an integer that represents the number of steps
x: an integer array where each x[i] represents a coordinate in the ith dimension where 1 <= i <=n
D: an integer array where each D[i] represents the upper limit of the axis in the ith dimension
Input Format
The first line contains an integer t, the number of test cases.
Each of the next t sets of lines is as follows:
The first line contains two space-separated integers, n and m.
The next line contains n space-separated integers x[i].
The third line of each test contains n space-separated integers D[i].
Constraints
1 <= t <= 10
1 <= n <= 10
1 <= m <= 300
1 <= D[i] <=100
1 <= x[i] <=D[i]
Output Format
Output one line for each test case. Since the answer can be really huge, output it modulo 10^9 + 7.
Solution :
Solution in C :
In C++ :
/* Enter your code here. Read input from STDIN. Print output to STDOUT */
#include <iostream>
#include <memory.h>
const int maxn = 10;
const int maxm = 10000;
const long long modulo = 1000000007;
int D[maxn];
int X[maxn];
int n,m;
int solve(){
std::cin>>n>>m;
for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
std::cin>>X[i];
for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
std::cin>>D[i];
long long totalway[n][m+1];
for (int i=0; i<n; i++){
long long total[D[i]];
memset(total, 0, sizeof(total));
total[X[i]-1] = 1;
long long ans;
totalway[i][0] = 1;
for (int step=1; step<=m; step++){
long long tmp[D[i]];
for (int j=0; j<D[i]; j++){
tmp[j] = 0;
if (j>0) tmp[j] += total[j-1];
if (j<D[i]-1) tmp[j] += total[j+1];
tmp[j] %= modulo;
}
totalway[i][step] = 0;
for (int j=0; j<D[i]; j++){
total[j] = tmp[j];
totalway[i][step] += total[j];
totalway[i][step] %= modulo;
}
}
}
long long C[m+1][m+1];
for (int i=0; i<=m; i++){
C[i][0] = 1;
for (int j=1; j<=i; j++)
C[i][j] = (C[i-1][j]+C[i-1][j-1])%modulo;
for (int j=i+1; j<=m; j++)
C[i][j] = 0;
}
long long result[n][m+1];
for (int i=0; i<n; i++)
for (int step=0; step<=m; step++){
if (i==0){
result[i][step] = totalway[i][step];
continue;
}
result[i][step] = 0;
for (int k=0; k<=step; k++){
long long tmp = (result[i-1][k]*totalway[i][step-k])%modulo;
tmp = tmp*C[step][step-k]%modulo;
result[i][step] += tmp;
result[i][step] %= modulo;
}
}
std::cout<<result[n-1][m]<<std::endl;
}
int main(){
int T;
std::cin>>T;
while (T>0){
solve();
T--;
}
return 0;
}
In Java :
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
public class Solution {
public static final int MOD = 1000000007;
public static final int MAXSTEPS = 310;
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
long[][] pascals = new long[MAXSTEPS][];
for (int i=0; i<MAXSTEPS; i++){
pascals[i] = new long[i+1];
pascals[i][0] = 1;
for (int j=1; j<pascals[i].length; j++){
pascals[i][j] = pascals[i-1][j-1];
if (j<pascals[i-1].length)
pascals[i][j] += pascals[i-1][j];
pascals[i][j] %= MOD;
}
}
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
//BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("test.in"));
int cases = Integer.parseInt(in.readLine());
for (int test = 0; test<cases; test++){
StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer(in.readLine());
int dims = Integer.parseInt(st.nextToken());
int steps = Integer.parseInt(st.nextToken());
int[] starts = new int[dims];
st = new StringTokenizer(in.readLine());
for (int i=0; i<dims; i++)
starts[i] = Integer.parseInt(st.nextToken());
int[] bounds = new int[dims];
st = new StringTokenizer(in.readLine());
for (int i=0; i<dims; i++)
bounds[i] = Integer.parseInt(st.nextToken());
long[] numWays = new long[steps+1];
numWays[0] = 1;
for (int i=0; i<dims; i++){
long[] tempWays = new long[numWays.length];
long[] nextDimWays = numPossSteps(starts[i], bounds[i], steps);
for (int j=0; j<tempWays.length; j++){
for (int k=0; k<=j; k++){
long toAdd = (numWays[k]*nextDimWays[j-k])%MOD;
toAdd *= pascals[j][k];
tempWays[j] += toAdd%MOD;
tempWays[j] %= MOD;
}
}
numWays = tempWays;
}
System.out.println(numWays[steps]);
}
}
public static long[] numPossSteps(int start, int bound, int steps){
long[] ret = new long[steps+1];
ret[0] = 1;
long[] trackLoc = new long[bound];
trackLoc[start-1] = 1;
for (int i=1; i<ret.length; i++){
long[] nextTrack = new long[trackLoc.length];
for (int j=0; j<trackLoc.length; j++){
if (j>0)
nextTrack[j] += trackLoc[j-1];
if (j+1<bound)
nextTrack[j] += trackLoc[j+1];
nextTrack[j] %= MOD;
}
trackLoc = nextTrack;
ret[i] = sum(trackLoc);
}
return ret;
}
public static long sum(long[] array){
long sum = 0;
for (int i=0; i<array.length; i++){
sum+=array[i];
sum %= MOD;
}
return sum;
}
}
In C :
typedef long long int LL;
int mod=(int)(1e9+7);
int ways[302][102],fact[501],mi[501];
LL dp[12][302],tmp;
int x[12],d[12],i,j,k,t,n,m;
int res;
int raise(int pow,int power){
res=1;
while(power){
if(power&1) res=((LL)res*pow)%mod;
pow=((LL)pow*pow)%mod;
power>>=1;
}
return res;
}
int modularInverse(int num){
return raise(fact[num],mod-2);
}
int main(){
fact[0]=1;
for(i=1;i<=300;i+=1) fact[i]=((LL)fact[i-1]*i)%mod;
mi[0]=1;
for(i=1;i<=300;i+=1) mi[i]=modularInverse(i);
scanf("%d",&t);
while(t--){
scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);
for(i=1;i<=n;i+=1) scanf("%d",&x[i]);
for(i=1;i<=n;i+=1) scanf("%d",&d[i]);
dp[0][0]=1;
for(k=1;k<=n;k+=1){
for(j=1;j<=d[k];j+=1) ways[0][j]=1;
for(i=1;i<=m;i+=1){
for(j=1;j<=d[k];j+=1){
ways[i][j]=0;
if(j>1)
ways[i][j]+=ways[i-1][j-1];
if(ways[i][j]>=mod) ways[i][j]-=mod;
if(j<d[k])
ways[i][j]+=ways[i-1][j+1];
if(ways[i][j]>=mod) ways[i][j]-=mod;
}
}
for(i=0;i<=m;i+=1){
dp[k][i]=0;
for(j=0;j<=i;j+=1){
tmp=(dp[k-1][i-j]*ways[j][x[k]])%mod;
dp[k][i]=(dp[k][i]+(tmp*mi[j])%mod);
if(dp[k][i]>=mod) dp[k][i]%=mod;
}
}
}
printf("%lld\n",(dp[n][m]*fact[m])%mod);
}
return 0;
}
In Python3 :
T = int(input())
MOD = 1000000007
C = [[0] * 400 for _ in range(400)]
C[0][0] = 1
for i in range(400):
C[i][0], C[i][i] = 1, 1
for j in range(1, i):
C[i][j] = (C[i-1][j-1] + C[i-1][j]) % MOD
for t in range(T):
N, M = [int(c) for c in input().split()]
X = [int(c) for c in input().split()]
D = [int(c) for c in input().split()]
# dp[N][D[i]][M+1]
dp = [[[0] * (M+1) for j in range(D[i])] for i in range(N)]
for i in range(N):
for j in range(D[i]):
dp[i][j][0] = 1
if j > 0:
dp[i][j][1] += 1
if j < D[i] - 1:
dp[i][j][1] += 1
for m in range(2, M+1):
for j in range(D[i]):
if j > 0:
dp[i][j][m] += dp[i][j-1][m-1]
if j < D[i] - 1:
dp[i][j][m] += dp[i][j+1][m-1]
total = [dp[0][X[0]-1][m] for m in range(M+1)]
for i in range(1, N):
for j in reversed(range(1, M + 1)):
total[j] = sum(total[k] * C[j][k] * dp[i][X[i]-1][j-k] for k in range(j+1))
print(total[M] % MOD)
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